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Literal Text

All these special symbols might leave you feeling a bit worried: What if you don’t want to discombobulate FileMaker’s finding. Instead, you actually want to find an @ sign? Believe it or not, another symbol comes to the rescue: The “literal text” symbol. Just put your punctuated find criteria in quotes:

“mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com”

When FileMaker sees those quote marks, it dutifully ignores the symbols inside. In fact, this is just what you should do if you’re searching for an email address.

If @ means “any character” then what does it matter? The @ in mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com will happily match the @ sign in the email address, won’t it? Unfortunately, no. The @ sign (when in regular field data) is not indexed. In other words, FileMaker tosses it out when it takes its speed-search notes about your records. So to FileMaker, the email address “mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com” is really three words: “mr”, “magoo”, and “sixfriedrice.com” So there’s nothing in there for the @ symbol to match. You can prove this yourself: When you need to find an email address, just put a space in place of the @ sign. It will find without a hitch.

Source

<?php
if(isset($_POST['username']))
{
	require_once('db_config.php');

	$email=$_POST['email'];

	$email=str_replace("@", " ", $email);

	$request = $fm->newFindCommand('users');

	$request->addFindCriterion('Email', $email);

	$result = $request->execute();

	if (FileMaker::isError($result)) {
			$error=$result->getMessage();
			header("location:forgotPass.php?err=Email+addess+do+not+exists+in+the+Database.");
			exit;
		}

		$records = $result->getRecords();

		//echo "<pre>";		print_r($records);		die();		

		foreach($records as $rs)
		{
		$email1=	$rs->getField('Email');
		$user_name=	$rs->getField('UserName');

			$id=$rs->getField('id');

			header("location:forgot_pass_mail.php?uid=".$id);
			exit();

		}
		header("location:forgotPass.php?err=Please+provide+valid+username+and+email.");
		exit;
}
else{
header("location:index.php");
exit();
}
?>

The Range Symbol

As you just saw, the ... symbol — better known as the “range” symbol — lets you specify a range of values to match. It isn’t limited to dates. You can provide a range of numbers in a number field:

22...36

Or a range of times:

9:00 AM...5:00 PM

You can even provide a range in a text field:

Adam...Bernard

FileMaker thinks about text ranges alphabetically. In other words, if you put all your names in alphabetical order, the range above would include every name between Adam and Bernard.

It is important to remember that the range symbol is inclusive: A value that matches either end exactly will be included in the found set.

Tip: It’s a small concession, but if you’re keystroke-conscious, you can trim one . from your Range symbols. It is perfectly valid to use just two dots: 3..7

Comparison Symbols

The next-most-common symbols are <, ≤, ≥, and >. These symbols are like the range symbol with only one end. For example, to find everyone born after Star Wars came out:

>5/25/1977

These symbols are pretty self explanatory: “Greater than 5/25/1977.” Some people prefer using the range symbol instead of ≤ or ≥. For example, this will find every order placed after January first:

1/1/2007...

Note: On Mac OS X, the “less than or equal” symbol looks like this: ≤. On Windows, it looks like this instead: <=. But both versions have the exact same meaning. (And in fact, the Windows style symbol will work perfectly on the Mac too.) The same goes for “greater than or equal.”

Exact Match

One of the most useful symbols is =, or the “exact match” symbol. Normally, FileMaker is pretty forgiving about field matches when performing a find. For instance, if you put San in the City field, FileMaker will consider each of these a match:

• San Francisco
• Santa Clara

If you want to be technical, FileMaker does a word-based prefix match, meaning if any word in the field starts with the value you type in your find request, FileMaker considers it a match. The “exact match” symbol lets you be more specific. If you use this find criterion:

=San

FileMaker will still match San Francisco but it won’t match Santa Clara. With =, it only matches whole words.

Field Content Match

If you want to be even more specific, you can use the “field content match” symbol: ==. This little buddy tells FileMaker you know exactly what you’re looking for, and it only finds records where the entire field matches your find criterion exactly.

For example, if you did your San search this way:

==San

Then you’d only find people in the city of San. (More likely you’d find nothing, since San isn’t a city.) You would use this symbol when you are looking for something very specific and a normal search finds too many records.

Wildcards

Going the other direction, sometimes you want FileMaker to be less restrictive. FileMaker has three so-called wildcard symbols:

• *: zero or more characters
• @: one character
• #: one digit

These symbols stand in for data in the field. For example, if you want Cities that end with “son” you can do a search like this:

*son

That search will find the mythical city of Son (sister to the city of San), as well as:

• Tucson
• Wilson
• Orson

Note: As soon as you add a wildcard symbol, FileMaker starts doing an exact match as well. In other words, the whole word prefix mumbo jumbo no longer applies. *son will not match Wansonsy.

The * symbol will match any number of letters or numbers. It will even match no characters (that’s why *son finds the city of Son). The @ symbol, on the other hand, matches exactly one character. Try a search like this:

Sant@

And FileMaker will find:

• Santa Clara
• Santo Domingo

But it won’t find “Sant” because the @ symbol expects exactly one character (not zero or one).

Tip: Sometimes these symbols aren’t flexible enough. For example, you might want “one or more characters.” You can combine @ and * to get what you want: San@*. That criterion will find “San” followed by at least one character, and possibly more. If you want “zero or one character” your job gets a little tougher. Your best bet is to use two find requests. In the first, put =San and in the second, put San@. The first request will match every record with “San” and the second will match “Sans”, “Sand”, and “Sang.”

Finally, the # symbol works like @ but is only matches a numerical digit. This find:

##

Will match only two-digit numbers.

Literal Text

All these special symbols might leave you feeling a bit worried: What if you don’t want to discombobulate FileMaker’s finding. Instead, you actually want to find an @ sign? Believe it or not, another symbol comes to the rescue: The “literal text” symbol. Just put your punctuated find criteria in quotes:

“mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com”

When FileMaker sees those quote marks, it dutifully ignores the symbols inside. In fact, this is just what you should do if you’re searching for an email address.

If @ means “any character” then what does it matter? The @ in mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com will happily match the @ sign in the email address, won’t it? Unfortunately, no. The @ sign (when in regular field data) is not indexed. In other words, FileMaker tosses it out when it takes its speed-search notes about your records. So to FileMaker, the email address “mr_magoo@sixfriedrice.com” is really three words: “mr”, “magoo”, and “sixfriedrice.com” So there’s nothing in there for the @ symbol to match. You can prove this yourself: When you need to find an email address, just put a space in place of the @ sign. It will find without a hitch.

Duplicates

The most esoteric find symbol is !: the “duplicates” symbol. You don’t put this next to any text. Instead, you put it in a field all by itself in Find mode. FileMaker will then find every record that has duplicates in that field. In other words, if your database has two Andy’s and no other duplicate first names, if you perform a find with ! in the First Name field, FileMaker finds both Andy’s but leaves everyone else out. If you later add a second Vincenzo, it will find both Andy’s and both Vincenzo’s.

Today’s Date

The // symbol is really just shorthand to save you some typing. (Truthfully, it is also useful when scripting, but we’ll get to that in a future article.) When you put // in a find request, FileMaker acts just like you had meticulously typed out today’s date. To find every invoice due today, just bounce to Find mode, pound // in the Due Date field, and press Enter.

You can, of course, combine this symbol with others:

# find every invoice due after today
>//

# find every event between now and christmas
//..12/25/2007

Invalid Date or Time

The last symbol is ?. It’s another funny one. Sometimes (if you import data from some other system, or change field types) you might wind up with bogus data in your date field. For example, Microsoft Excel is glad to let you type “sometime next week” in a column that normally holds dates. If you then import this into a date field, FileMaker accepts it (what else is it going to do?) but considers the value invalid. Later, you can switch to Find mode, put ? in the date field, and perform the find. FileMaker finds every record with an invalid date like this.

The ? symbol works for time and timestamp fields as well.

A Few Examples

Find symbols are flexible and powerful. Chances are you’ll dream up ways to use them that I’ve never thought of. But here are a few examples that might come in handy:

If you have a Full Name field and you want to find everyone with an initial, try this:

@

It will find exactly one character. Since periods aren’t indexed, it will find all of these:

• J. K. Rowling
• Charlotte A. Cavatica
• A. A. Milne

To quickly find everything up to today, put this in a date field:

..//

Likewise, if you want everything today or later try this:

//..